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Pronunciation

All words are stressed on the penultimate syllable. Example with a fictive word, broken down into syllables, using all possible configurations of vowels (aeiouy), semi-vowels (jw), and consonants: myt-ta-nek-sjo-ri-u-ja-we-loks- tri -dwejs Each letter...

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Yes, no, not and more

— They’re staying here? They don’t want to come with us?— No.— Ok, we’ll go without them, then.— I mean ‘no it’s not true, they want to come with you’ Sounds familiar? Ever been in a situation where you don’t know whether to reply yes or no because either...

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Personal pronouns

Singular me – me, I te – you (single animate) le – he or she (animate) lje – she (animate) lwe – he (animate) ge – it (inanimate) ze – one (empathetic – as opposed to "someone else") se – reflexive (used with any person, 1st/2nd/3rd) Plural mes – we teme...

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Tenses

The past is identified by "fa". The present is identified by "fi". The future is identified by "fo". The conditional is identified by "fu", plus fa/fi/fo where needed. These tense markers may be placed at any sensible place in the sentence, depending...

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FC #4 - Groupings

Example #1 In English, in “wild geese and ducks”, you cannot know whether only the geese are wild or if the ducks are as well. Linal resolves this as follows: i wild ducks and Example #2 I repainted the kitchen and the...

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FC #3 – word order

The most important/“biggest” concept is placed first. Determiners Determiners come after the noun or noun group they accompany. Dog the is in house the. I have o forks twelve. Pronouncing numbers (full version) 7584 1000-seven and 100-five and 10-eight...

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FC #2 – "o", "i" and other structures

O introduces all sorts of direct objects and plays a part in the total absence of the subjunctive mood in linal. Direct object The government votes the law – the government votes o the law . I see you – I see o you. Genitive derived from a direct object...

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FC #1 – Gender

Nouns all end in -e. Adjectives all end in -i, regardless of gender. Any noun referring to a sentient being may be neutral (-e), feminine (-je) or masculine (-we). Feminine and masculine should not be used unless the context makes it necessary (e.g. medical)....

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All words exist

Although English is a lot more flexible than French, some ideas are not easy to express. For example, what do you call someone whose job is to sell bread? A baker. The simplified Linal equivalent would be "bread-seller" or "bread-er". What English adjective...

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Introduction

Linal is a language I started thinking about a few years ago and I've unearthed recently, while talking with a friend, realizing how convoluted French (my mother tongue) makes it to express certain simple ideas. Linal is mostly about making everything...

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